Personalised Medicine (PM) represents a paradigm shift from a “one size fits all” approach to an optimised strategy for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease for each individual, based on their unique characteristics, including biological features (e.g. phenotype, endotype, genotype), as well as lifestyle and environmental factors. Accordingly, PM puts the patient at the very centre of healthcare, aiming for optimised health promotion, treatments and management of disease or predisposition to disease.